Hypertext Webster Gateway: "rough"

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (web1913)

Rough \Rough\, a. [Compar. {Rougher}; superl. {Roughest}.] [OE.
rou?, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r?h; akin to LG. rug, D. rug,
D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r?h, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas
wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. [root] 18. Cf. {Rug}, n.]
1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the
surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough
stone; rough cloth. Specifically:
(a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of
a piece of land, or of a road. ``Rough, uneven ways.''
--Shak.
(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough
diamond.
(c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or
other piece of water.

More unequal than the roughest sea. --T. Burnet.
(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; --
said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough
coat. ``A visage rough.'' --Dryden. ``Roughsatyrs.''
--Milton.

2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or
polish. Specifically:
(a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a
rough temper.

A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. --Shak.

A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.
--Prior.
(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough
measures or actions.

On the rough edge of battle. --Milton.

A quicker and rougher remedy. --Clarendon.

Kind words prevent a good deal of that
perverseness which rough and imperious usage
often produces. --Locke.
(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating;
-- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough
tone; rough numbers. --Pope.
(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine.
(e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a
rough day.

He stayeth his rough wind. --Isa. xxvii.
8.

Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.
--Shak.
(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish;
incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.

{Rough diamond}, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a
person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (web1913)

Rough \Rough\, n.
1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] --Fletcher.

2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.

{In the rough}, in an unwrought or rude condition;
unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.

Contemplating the people in the rough. --Mrs.
Browning.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (web1913)

Rough \Rough\, adv.
In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in
their boats. --Sir W.
Scott.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) (web1913)

Rough \Rough\, v. t.
1. To render rough; to roughen.

2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes.
--Crabb.

3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as,
to rough out a carving, a sketch.

{Roughing rolls}, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a
bloom of iron to bars.

{To rough it}, to endure hard conditions of living; to live
without ordinary comforts.

From WordNet (r) 1.7 (wn)

rough
adj 1: having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough
bark"; "rough ground"; "a rough ride"; "rough skin";
"rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face"; "unsmooth
writing" [syn: {unsmooth}] [ant: {smooth}]
2: (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she
was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners"
3: not quite exact or correct; "the approximate time was 10
o'clock"; "a rough guess"; "a ballpark estimate" [syn: {approximate},
{approximative}, {ballpark}]
4: full of hardship or trials; "the rocky road to success";
"they were having a rough time" [syn: {rocky}]
5: violently agitated and turbulent; "boisterous winds and
waves"; "the fierce thunders roar me their music"- Ezra
Pound; "rough weather"; "rough seas" [syn: {boisterous}, {fierce}]
6: unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound; "a gravelly voice"
[syn: {grating}, {gravel}, {gravelly}, {rasping}, {raspy}]
7: ready and able to resort to force or violence; "pugnacious
spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an
exhilarating disturbance"- Herman Melville; "they were
rough and determined fighting men" [syn: {pugnacious}]
8: (botany) of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut
or fringed or scalloped [ant: {smooth}]
9: not shaped by cutting or trimming; "an uncut diamond";
"rough gemstones" [syn: {uncut}] [ant: {cut}]
10: not carefully or expertly made; "managed to make a crude
splint"; "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them";
"rough carpentry" [syn: {crude}]
11: not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches"
12: unpleasantly stern; "wild and harsh country full of hot sand
and cactus"; "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
[syn: {harsh}]
n : the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the
grass is not cut short
adv 1: with roughness or violence; "he was pushed roughly aside";
(`rough' is informal as in "they treated him rough")
[syn: {roughly}]
2: with rough motion as over a rough surface; "ride rough"
[syn: {roughly}]
v 1: prepare in preliminary or sketchy form [syn: {rough in}, {rough
out}]
2: draw up an outline or sketch for something; "draft a speech"
[syn: {draft}, {outline}]


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