2. (Geol. & Mining) A dislocation caused by a slipping of
rock masses along a plane of facture; also, the dislocated
structure resulting from such slipping.
Note: The surface along which the dislocated masses have
moved is called the
{fault plane}. When this plane is vertical, the fault is a
{vertical fault}; when its inclination is such that the
present relative position of the two masses could have
been produced by the sliding down, along the fault plane,
of the mass on its upper side, the fault is a
{normal}, or {gravity}, {fault}. When the fault plane is so
inclined that the mass on its upper side has moved up
relatively, the fault is then called a
{reverse} (or {reversed}), {thrust}, or {overthrust},
{fault}. If no vertical displacement has resulted, the fault
is then called a
{horizontal fault}. The linear extent of the dislocation
measured on the fault plane and in the direction of
movement is the
{displacement}; the vertical displacement is the
{throw}; the horizontal displacement is the
{heave}. The direction of the line of intersection of the
fault plane with a horizontal plane is the
{trend} of the fault. A fault is a
{strike fault} when its trend coincides approximately with
the strike of associated strata (i.e., the line of
intersection of the plane of the strata with a horizontal
plane); it is a
{dip fault} when its trend is at right angles to the strike;
an
{oblique fault} when its trend is oblique to the strike.
Oblique faults and dip faults are sometimes called
{cross faults}. A series of closely associated parallel
faults are sometimes called
{To throw back}, to revert to an ancestral type or character.
``A large proportion of the steerage passengers throw back
to their Darwinian ancestry.'' --The Century. Throwing
stick \Throw"ing stick`\ (Anthropol.)
An instrument used by various savage races for throwing a
spear; -- called also {throw stick} and {spear thrower}. One
end of the stick receives the butt of the spear, as upon a
hook or thong, and the other end is grasped with the hand,
which also holds the spear, toward the middle, above it with
the finger and thumb, the effect being to bring the place of
support nearer the center of the spear, and practically
lengthen the arm in the act of throwing.
I will with Thomas speak a little throw. --Chaucer.
2. To fling or cast in any manner; to drive to a distance
from the hand or from an engine; to propel; to send; as,
to throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a
ball; a fire engine throws a stream of water to extinguish
flames.
3. To drive by violence; as, a vessel or sailors may be
thrown upon a rock.
4. (Mil.) To cause to take a strategic position; as, he threw
a detachment of his army across the river.
5. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws
his antagonist.
6. To cast, as dice; to venture at dice.
Set less than thou throwest. --Shak.
7. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly.
O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw. --Pope.
8. To divest or strip one's self of; to put off.
There the snake throws her enameled skin. --Shak.
9. (Pottery) To form or shape roughly on a throwing engine,
or potter's wheel, as earthen vessels.
10. To give forcible utterance to; to cast; to vent.
I have thrown A brave defiance in King Henry's
teeth. --Shak.
11. To bring forth; to produce, as young; to bear; -- said
especially of rabbits.
12. To twist two or more filaments of, as silk, so as to form
one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction
contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; --
sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by
which silk is prepared for the weaver. --Tomlinson.
{To throw away}.
(a) To lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; to
bestow without a compensation; as, to throw away
time; to throw away money.
(b) To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good
offer.
{To throw back}.
(a) To retort; to cast back, as a reply.
(b) To reject; to refuse.
(c) To reflect, as light.
{To throw by}, to lay aside; to discard; to neglect as
useless; as, to throw by a garment.
{To throw down}, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to
throw down a fence or wall.
{To throw in}.
(a) To inject, as a fluid.
(b) To put in; to deposit with others; to contribute; as,
to throw in a few dollars to help make up a fund; to
throw in an occasional comment.
(c) To add without enumeration or valuation, as something
extra to clinch a bargain.
{To throw off}.
(a) To expel; to free one's self from; as, to throw off a
disease.
(b) To reject; to discard; to abandon; as, to throw off
all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent.
(c) To make a start in a hunt or race. [Eng.]
{To throw about}, to cast about; to try expedients. [R.]
He heaved a stone, and, rising to the throw, He sent
it in a whirlwind at the foe. --Addison.
Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws.
--Spenser.
3. The distance which a missile is, or may be, thrown; as, a
stone's throw.
4. A cast of dice; the manner in which dice fall when cast;
as, a good throw.
5. An effort; a violent sally. [Obs.]
Your youth admires The throws and swellings of a
Roman soul. --Addison.
6. (Mach.) The extreme movement given to a sliding or
vibrating reciprocating piece by a cam, crank, eccentric,
or the like; travel; stroke; as, the throw of a slide
valve. Also, frequently, the length of the radius of a
crank, or the eccentricity of an eccentric; as, the throw
of the crank of a steam engine is equal to half the stroke
of the piston.
7. (Pottery) A potter's wheel or table; a jigger. See 2d
{Jigger}, 2
(a) .
8. A turner's lathe; a throwe. [Prov. Eng.]
9. (Mining) The amount of vertical displacement produced by a
fault; -- according to the direction it is designated as
an upthrow, or a downthrow.